Economia americana
economia americana.
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For decades, Alcatraz has been synonymous with absolute isolation, escape legends, and exemplary punishment. However, the iconic island in the San Francisco Bay is back in the spotlight with a controversial proposal from President Donald Trump to reopen it as a maximum-security prison for criminals deemed “unredeemable.” This plan, wrapped in populist rhetoric and promises of “total law and order,” has shocked the international community, divided experts, and raised a provocative question: Will tourists—who for years have visited the island as a historic landmark—be the first to flee a new Alcatraz?
Closed in 1963, Alcatraz Federal Prison was, for 29 years, the forced home of some of the most feared criminals in the United States, such as Al Capone and Robert Stroud. Since the 1970s, the island has transformed into one of California’s most popular tourist destinations, receiving more than a million visitors annually. The island’s history and mystique have attracted tourists from around the globe, eager to explore its storied past through guided tours and museum exhibits.
In a live broadcast from the White House, Trump announced his plan to reopen Alcatraz as a symbol of American justice and deterrence. The proposal includes structural reforms to the original complex, the installation of state-of-the-art surveillance systems, and the transfer of inmates considered highly dangerous, including gang leaders and drug lords. Trump stated that Alcatraz would be “a symbol of American justice, which is not afraid to act decisively.” However, critics argue that the measure is more of a media stunt than a legitimate criminal solution.
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The public reaction has been mixed. Polls by the Gallup Institute indicate that 48% of the American population supports the idea of reopening maximum-security prisons in isolated locations, while 42% classify the measure as “authoritarian” or “unfeasible.” Human rights experts assert that the proposal violates principles of rehabilitation and reintegration into society, likening it to a return to medieval punishment.
Converting Alcatraz back into a prison would directly impact the tourism industry in the San Francisco region, which generates millions of dollars annually from guided tours, museums, and cultural activities on the island. Local business owners have expressed concerns about potential losses. Rick Morrell, owner of a local travel agency, mentioned that reservations have started to drop since the announcement, indicating a potential decline in tourist interest.
San Francisco, known for its progressive stance, has vowed political and legal resistance to the project. Mayor London Breed criticized the move, stating, “Turning a symbol of remembrance into an active prison is a historic setback.” The city’s opposition highlights the broader debate over the cultural and historical significance of Alcatraz versus its proposed role as a modern-day prison.
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From a technical perspective, reactivating Alcatraz as a penitentiary presents several obstacles. The island’s infrastructure is outdated, with significant plumbing, energy, and logistical issues. Reports by the National Park Service estimate that the cost of making the island functional as a prison would exceed 1.2 billion dollars. Environmental restrictions also pose a challenge, as Alcatraz is home to protected species and is classified as a cultural and natural heritage site.
Despite these challenges, Trump insists that the reconstruction will be funded “with private resources and patriotic partnerships,” though no companies have been confirmed as involved. Analysts suggest that the project is part of a broader strategy to reinforce presidential authority and appeal to Trump’s conservative base.
Organizations such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have issued statements condemning the project. They warn that using Alcatraz as a prison for “irredeemable” criminals creates a separate human category, which is unacceptable under international law. Chilean jurist Teresa Larraín emphasized that this approach violates international treaties and undermines human rights principles.
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The plan challenges not only American history but also global perceptions of justice in the 21st century. By resurrecting a symbolic prison, Trump sends a message of security at any cost, potentially jeopardizing the historical and cultural memory of a site that has long been a place of reflection.
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AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL. Public statement on the proposal to reopen Alcatraz as a prison. London: AI, 2025. Available at: https://www.amnesty.org. Accessed: May 5, 2025.
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GALLUP. American Opinions on Prison Reform and Symbolic Justice Policies. Washington, DC: Gallup Institute, 2025. Available at: https://www.gallup.com. Accessed on: May 5, 2025.
GREENE, Noah. The Return of Punitive Symbolism in American Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2024.
HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH. Report on the use of prisons in places of historical and cultural significance. New York: HRW, 2025. Available at: https://www.hrw.org. Accessed on: May 5, 2025.
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KELLER, Amanda. Human Rights and Punitive Populism in the USA. New York: Columbia Law Review, v. 97, n. 2, p. 110-125, 2025.
LARRAÍN, Teresa. The Exception and Symbolic Imprisonment: The Alcatraz Case. Santiago: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), 2025.
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE. Structural Report on Alcatraz Island. Washington, DC: NPS/US Department of the Interior, 2023. Available at: https://www.nps.gov/alca. Accessed on: May 5, 2025.
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WHITE HOUSE. Presidential Address on National Security and Penal Reform. Washington, DC: Office of the President, 2025. Available at: https://www.whitehouse.gov. Accessed on: May 5, 2025.
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